Why is Nafplio famous? History, sights and everything you need to know

Nafplio is primarily famous for being the first capital of the newly established Greek state, from 1823 to 1834, a fact that left an indelible mark on the city's architecture and historical significance. It is also renowned for its Venetian fortifications, Palamidi, Bourtzi, and Akronafplia, which dominate the landscape and bear witness to centuries of occupation by Venetians and Ottomans. The picturesque old town, with its neoclassical buildings, cobbled streets, and plane trees in the squares, has established it as one of the most romantic destinations in the Peloponnese, ideal for a short getaway from Athens.

In brief

• First capital of the Greek state from 1823 to 1834
• Palamidi Castle, with its 999 steps, dominates the city
• Bourtzi, the fortress in the sea, is an iconic landmark
• Picturesque old town with Venetian and neoclassical architecture
• Just two hours from Athens, ideal for a weekend trip

Why Nafplio is famous

First capital of Greece

Nafplio became the first official capital of the Greek state in 1823, a position it held until 1834, when the capital was moved to Athens. Ioannis Kapodistrias was assassinated there in 1831, at the Church of Saint Spyridon, an event that marked modern Greek history. The city preserves buildings from that era, such as the first courthouse and the building of the first Greek University, elements that make it a living museum of the period when the modern Greek state was formed.

Palamidi Fortress

Built by the Venetians in the early 18th century on a 216-metre-high hill, Palamidi is considered one of the most significant examples of military architecture in Greece. It consists of eight independent bastions and offers panoramic views of the Argolic Gulf. Access is via 999 steps from the city, though there is also a road for cars. Theodoros Kolokotronis was imprisoned there after independence, adding another historical layer to the monument.

Bourtzi

The small Venetian fortress on a rocky islet at the harbour entrance was built in 1471 to protect Nafplio from sea attacks. In the early 20th century, it even operated as a hotel, and later housed the city's executioners. Today, it is accessible by small boats from the waterfront and is one of the most photographed spots in the city, especially at sunset from the promenade.

Venetian and neoclassical architecture

Nafplio is famous for its combination of Venetian buildings with stone facades and 19th-century neoclassical structures, a result of the period when it was the capital. Syntagma Square, with the Vouleftiko (Old Parliament) and the old mosque, reflects this succession of cultures. The narrow cobbled streets of the old town, with their carved balconies and flower-filled houses, are maintained in excellent condition thanks to continuous renovations over recent decades.

Akronafplia

This is the oldest fortified core of the city, built in successive phases by Byzantines, Franks, Venetians, and Ottomans on the hill overlooking the centre of Nafplio. In more recent times, it was also used as a prison. Today, the area has been developed with walking paths and offers some of the best vantage points for views of the gulf, while also being home to luxury hotels that have been created within the old buildings.

Its position as a gateway to ancient Argolida

Nafplio is also renowned as a starting point for exploring important archaeological sites in Argolida, such as Mycenae with Agamemnon's tomb and the Lion Gate, the ancient theatre of Epidaurus with its famous acoustics, and Tiryns with its Cyclopean walls. The proximity of these world heritage monuments within a few kilometres makes the city an ideal base for day trips into the history of Mycenaean Greece.

Must-see attractions

Palamidi

The imposing Venetian castle above the city, with its eight bastions, is Nafplio's most iconic attraction. The climb up the 999 steps requires good physical fitness, but the view of the Argolic Gulf is well worth the effort. It's best to visit early in the morning in summer due to the heat.

Bourtzi

The sea fortress at the harbour entrance is reached by small boats from the waterfront. A walk around its walls takes just a few minutes, but its image in the water, especially at dusk, is one of Nafplio's most characteristic sights.

Old town and Syntagma Square

The historic core, with its cobbled streets, neoclassical buildings, and small shops, is perfect for a leisurely stroll. Syntagma Square houses the Vouleftiko (Old Parliament), the Archaeological Museum, and an old mosque, showcasing the city's successive historical periods.

Akronafplia

The hill with the city's oldest walls offers walking paths and panoramic views of the gulf and Bourtzi. It is an ideal spot for a peaceful afternoon walk, away from the crowds of the waterfront.

Archaeological Museum of Nafplio

Housed in an 18th-century Venetian building in Syntagma Square, it features artefacts from Argolida, with a notable exhibit being the famous Dendra panoply, one of the oldest preserved armours in the world.

Local gastronomy: what to try

• Kariotiko glyko — A traditional syrup-soaked pastry, characteristic of the region, found in patisseries in the old town.
• Argolida wine — Argolida has a winemaking tradition, with local wines that perfectly complement the dishes in Nafplio's tavernas.
• Ladotyri and local cheeses — The region produces excellent quality cheeses and olive oil, essential ingredients in local cuisine and mezze.
• Fresh fish on the waterfront — Fish tavernas along the promenade serve fresh fish and seafood with views of Bourtzi.
• Nafplio loukoumades — Old patisseries in the city are famous for their warm loukoumades with honey and cinnamon, an ideal evening snack.
• Traditional Argolida mezze — Old town tavernas offer dishes with 'ladera' (cooked vegetables in oil), handmade pies, and local olive oil, representative of Peloponnesian cuisine.

Beaches, nature and landscape

Karathona Beach

An organised sandy beach a few kilometres south of the city, with shallow waters and tavernas, popular with families and visitors wanting a swim close to the centre.

Argolic Gulf

The gulf surrounding Nafplio offers calm waters and views of Bourtzi, ideal for a boat trip or simply admiring the view from the promenade.

Arvanitia Beach

A small cove below Akronafplia, accessible on foot from the old town, with clear waters and a rocky environment.

Moustos Lagoon

A wetland near Nafplio, interesting for birdwatching, a characteristic example of the natural richness of the Argolic plain.

When to visit

The best time to visit Nafplio is spring, from April to June, and autumn, from September to October, when temperatures are mild and the city is less crowded than in summer. In summer, especially on July and August weekends, it fills with visitors from Athens due to its proximity. Winter has its own charm, with fewer crowds and a romantic atmosphere, ideal for short breaks. In summer, the Nafplio Festival features musical events, while nearby Epidaurus hosts the renowned Athens and Epidaurus Festival with ancient drama.

How to get there

Nafplio is approximately 145 km from Athens, a journey that takes around 2 hours via the New National Road Corinth-Tripoli. KTEL Argolida buses connect Athens with Nafplio daily from Kifisou Station. There is no train or airport in the city; the closest international airport is in Athens. From Nafplio, visitors can easily reach Mycenae, Epidaurus, and Tiryns by car within 15-30 minutes.

Where to stay

The old town is the most popular accommodation choice, with small hotels and traditional mansions within walking distance of the sights, ideal for couples. The Akronafplia area offers more luxurious options with gulf views. For families with children, hotels near Karathona combine beach access with easy reach of the centre by car.

• Where to stay in Nafplio: old town, Akronafplia and Tolo
• Romantic hotels for couples in Nafplio
• Hotels in Nafplio: Accommodation guide for the old town
• Hotels with a pool in Nafplio: The best options

Practical tips

• Park outside the old town, as the streets are narrow and traffic is restricted in summer.
• Climb Palamidi early in the morning to avoid the heat on the 999 steps.
• Book your room in advance for weekends, as visitors from Athens quickly fill up hotels.
• Combine your visit with Mycenae and Epidaurus on a day trip by car.
• Enjoy the sunset from the waterfront with views of Bourtzi, one of the city's most popular spots.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is Nafplio famous?

It is mainly famous for being the first capital of the modern Greek state, as well as for its impressive Venetian fortresses Palamidi and Bourtzi, its picturesque old town with neoclassical architecture, and its proximity to important archaeological sites in Argolida.

How many days are needed for Nafplio?

Two to three days are enough to explore the city, climb Palamidi, and visit Mycenae and Epidaurus. Those who also want to enjoy the beach can add an extra day.

How far is Nafplio from Athens?

It is approximately 145 km away, with a journey time of around 2 hours by car via the national road, or a similar time by KTEL bus from Kifisou station.

Is climbing Palamidi on foot worth it?

Yes, although the 999 steps are demanding, especially in summer. The view of the Argolic Gulf from the top is worth the effort, but an early morning climb is recommended for cooler temperatures, and there is also a road for cars for those who prefer not to walk.

What is the best time to visit Nafplio?

Spring and autumn offer mild weather and fewer crowds. Summer is busier due to its proximity to Athens, while winter provides a quiet, romantic atmosphere.

Can I visit Mycenae from Nafplio in one day?

Yes, Mycenae is about 25 km away and a visit takes 1.5-2 hours. You can easily combine it on the same day with Tiryns, which is even closer to the city.

Nafplio combines history, architectural beauty, and easy access from Athens, elements that make it one of the most complete destinations in the Peloponnese. From its Venetian fortresses to the neighbouring Mycenaean monuments, the city offers experiences for every type of traveller. Whether you choose a day trip or a longer stay, Nafplio leaves a strong impression.